空中殺手-卡-52武裝直升機

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卡—52的最显著特点是采用了并列双座布局的驾驶舱，而传统的武装直升机都为串列双座布局。该机采用并列双座布局并非标新立异，它是根据现代武装直升机的驾驶需要和所担负的战斗任务而设计开发的。

　　首先，卡-52是为全天候、全天时、超低空攻击地面目标而设计的。当初，美国在制造F-111、苏联在研制苏-24全天候攻击机(同样为了低空作战)的时候，飞行员和领航员／武器操作员就是并列坐在一个驾驶舱内，这种布局曾被看作是最佳方案，而且已被用到苏-34新一代歼击/轰炸机上。

　　其次，早在1972年，美国在实施AH-1"休伊眼镜蛇"串列双座布局夜战型武装直升机计划时，也得出了同样的结论：机组成员最好采用并列布局。

　　所以，卡-52直升机的双座布局并非倒退，而是根据使用需要的一种合理设计，是武装直升机座舱布局的一项创造。并列双座的优点是两人可共用某些仪表、设备，从而简化了仪器操作工作，使驾驶员能集中精力跟踪目标，最大限度地缩短作出决定的时间。

      卡—52采用了卡-50直升机的动力装置、旋翼、垂尾、起落架、武器及一系列机载系统。米里设计局总设计师米赫耶夫说，它有85%的零部件与已经批量生产的卡-50直升机通用。卡—52与卡-50的最明显区别是座舱设置了第二乘员位置，这大大扩大了直升机的功能。第二乘员可保障实施侦察或电子对抗，授索和识别远距离目标，能在任何天气条件下和任何时间指示目标，并区分目标，协调与地面部队及攻击机的行动，以及执行其它任务。同时，该机保持了卡-50直升机的机动性、武器装备及防护性能。

　　尽管卡—52与卡-50的两台发动机一样，但因设置了第二乘员位置，并安装了补充设备，所以其飞行性能多少要比卡-50差一点，升限和爬升率有所降低，最大使用过载减少了0．5G。卡-52直升机机身前部安装了汤姆逊公司的热视仪，之所以选择法国生产的热视仪，是因为国产热视仪的生产工作拖延的结果。不过，卡莫夫设计局也想向潜在的用户展示：卡-52既能使用俄罗斯生产的仪器、设备，也能配备外国生产的仪器、设备。驾驶舱上部的球状物里，安装有俄罗斯国产的"黄杨"三维光电子定位系统，该系统包括热视仪、电视仪和激光仪。机身右下方的球形陀螺定位仪上，装有带激光测距仪和目标指示器的大功率瞄准头，它能发现并高度准确地跟踪5公里内的小型目标。在旋翼桨毅的上方装有"驽"式雷达。

      另外，它还装备了电子对抗设备。卡-52驾驶舱内装有4个液晶显示器。首架样机上装的是法国生产的显示器(其中包括一个多功能显示器)，投产后，它将安装国产的彩色多功能显示器。此外，还在风挡玻璃上为驾驶员安装了一个显示器。领航员带有头盔瞄准显示器。座舱的两名乘员各拥有自己的操纵装置，但两套操纵系统可以联动。在必要的情况下，两个乘员中的任何一个都可以单独驾驶直升机或控制武器系统。卡—52装两台圣彼得堡B-R-克里莫夫科学生产联合体生产的TB3-117BMA型涡轴发动机，其单台功率为2200马力。卡-50和卡-52直升机上安装的BP-80型减速器，还能保证发动机功率的进一步提升。

      卡—52的武器系统与卡-50相似以，装有一门口径为30毫米的2A42型可移动自动机炮，可带炮弹280发。该机炮能水平移动并有限地上下移动。整个机炮系统与BMP-2步兵战车和BMII-3型步兵战斗车、BMII-2和BMII-3型陆战队战斗车的机炮及"铠甲"火箭炮规格统一，可方便地选择补充穿甲弹和爆破弹。卡-52装有一门不可移动的KII-23JI型机炮，口径为23毫米，可带弹250发，在机翼内上的YIIK-23-250型吊舱内。其短翼下的4个武器挂架，能挂载12枚"旋风-M"带激光制导和串联战斗部的超音速反坦克导弹，也可安装4个B-8B20A火箭发射巢，每个火箭巢可带20枚80毫米直径的C-8非制导航空火箭；或安装B-13J5火箭巢，每个火箭巢可装5枚120毫米直径的C-13非制导火箭。这些火箭可带各种战斗部，如爆破弹、照明弹等。为消灭远距离目标(15公里)，它可挂X-25MJI半主动激光制导空对地导弹。也可挂2至4枚P-73型中距离空时空导弹或8至16枚"针-B"近距离空对空导弹来打击空中目标。

　　总体布局

　　双旋翼共轴式布局，两台涡轴发动机安装在机身两侧的短翼上方。采用可收放的前三点式起落架。机身两侧的短翼下可挂各种武器。使团系统采用两副尺寸、形状完全相同，但旋转方向相反的共轴式旋翼。每副旋翼均由较宽的复合材料奖叶组成。奖叶为俄罗斯HAYH－3先进翼型。桨尖后掠30度，这有利于提高奖尖的临界M数，减小激波带来的损失。奖叶采用双——腔大梁，其抗扭刚度好，抗弹伤能力强。采用无铰桨级，它的中央为高强度钛合金锻件，由金属抗拉扭件与奖根相连。抗拉扭件由0．5毫米厚的金属片叠加而成，用以传递桨叶的拉力和离心力，起到水平铰和垂直铰的作用。这种结构抗弹伤能力强，即使被12．7毫米的枪弹击伤，也仍能保持直升机正常飞行。双旋翼直升机布局有助于缩小直升机的外廓尺寸，使机体结构更为紧凑。由于它没有尾奖，这也提高了在贴地飞行时的安全性。

　　动力装置

　　装两台 TB3－ 117BM涡轴发动机，每台功率为1660千瓦（2225轴马力）。且两台发动机位置隔得较远，这样就减少了两台发动机同时被对方枪击弹伤的可能性，从而可提高生存力。进气造装有防砂尘装置。排气口装有红外抑制器，可降低发动机的红外辐射水平。

:29: :29: :29:

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雖然是第一次看到
但是一看眼就迷上